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In previous section, we explained that the methods for biodegradability testing have their limits and results of some experiments might be distorted, misleading or just wrong. How can we state the PHAsPolyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) or the polyhydroxy fatty acids, are a family of biodegradable polyesters. As in many mammals, including humans, that hold … More are really biodegradableBiodegradation is the breakdown of organic matter by microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi.?
Hydal PHAPolyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) or the polyhydroxy fatty acids, are a family of biodegradable polyesters. As in many mammals, including humans, that hold … More biodegradability was tested for fresh and waste water environment according to ISOInternational Organization for Standardization More 14851 standard in BUT Brno. Aerobic biodegradability was 89 % after 137 days, similar to celluloseCellulose is the principal component of cell walls in all higher forms of plant life, at varying percentages. It is therefore the most common organic … More.
The biodegradability of PHAsPolyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) or the polyhydroxy fatty acids, are a family of biodegradable polyesters. As in many mammals, including humans, that hold … More has been tested for decades. Polyhydroxyalkanoates are a group of polymers, but just few of them are produced commercially (P3HBPolyhydroxy butyrate (PHB) is a Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), a polymer belonging to the polyesters class that are o… More, P4HB, PHBVPolyhydroxy butyrate (PHB) is a Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), a polymer belonging to the polyesters class that are o… More, PHBHPoly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) is a Polyhydroxyalkanoates type polymer. It is biodegradable, nontoxic, biocompatible plastic produced … More and their copolymers). There are slight differences in biodegradability of various PHAsPolyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) or the polyhydroxy fatty acids, are a family of biodegradable polyesters. As in many mammals, including humans, that hold … More; e.g. copolymers degrade faster than homopolymers thanks to more amorphic inner structure.1, 2 However, due to low effect and high variability in measurements, we discuss PHAsPolyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) or the polyhydroxy fatty acids, are a family of biodegradable polyesters. As in many mammals, including humans, that hold … More as a uniform group from the biodegradability perspective.
The methods for biodegradability assessment vary a lot among the studies; thus, the results are of low reproducibility. For now, we can clearly state PHAsPolyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) or the polyhydroxy fatty acids, are a family of biodegradable polyesters. As in many mammals, including humans, that hold … More are biodegradableBiodegradation is the breakdown of organic matter by microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi., but we cannot precisely measure how fast.
| Manufacturer/Environment | Nodax (Danimer Scientific) | Aonilex (Kaneka) | Solon (RWDC Industries) | Mirel (Telles) |
Fresh and waste water | ASTM D5271, EN 29408 Vincotte OK biodegradableBiodegradation is the breakdown of organic matter by microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi. WATER (S0292) | Vincotte OK biodegradableBiodegradation is the breakdown of organic matter by microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi. WATER (S0720) | ASTM D5271, ISOInternational Organization for Standardization More 14851 | ||
Soil | ASTM D5988 Vincotte OK biodegradableBiodegradation is the breakdown of organic matter by microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi. SOIL (S0292) | Vincotte OK biodegradableBiodegradation is the breakdown of organic matter by microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi. SOIL (S0720) | ASTM D6400, ISOInternational Organization for Standardization More 17556 | ||
Marine | Vincotte OK biodegradableBiodegradation is the breakdown of organic matter by microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi. MARINE (S0292) | ASTM D7081 Vincotte OK biodegradableBiodegradation is the breakdown of organic matter by microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi. MARINE (S0318) | Vincotte OK biodegradableBiodegradation is the breakdown of organic matter by microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi. MARINE (S0720) | AST D7081 | |
Anaerobic | ASTM D5511 | ASTM D5511 | |||
Compostability | Industrial compostingIndustrial composting is an established process with commonly agreed upon requirements (e.g. temperature, timeframe) for transforming biodegradable wa… More | ASTM D6400, EN 13432European standard for the assessment of the compostability of plastic packaging products. More Vincotte OK compostA soil conditioning material of decomposing organic matter which provides nutrients and enhances soil structure. [bM 06/08, 02/09] More INDUSTRIAL (S0292) | ASTM D6400, D6868, EN 13432European standard for the assessment of the compostability of plastic packaging products. More, Vincotte OK compostA soil conditioning material of decomposing organic matter which provides nutrients and enhances soil structure. [bM 06/08, 02/09] More INDUSTRIAL (S0318) | Vincotte OK compostA soil conditioning material of decomposing organic matter which provides nutrients and enhances soil structure. [bM 06/08, 02/09] More INDUSTRIAL (S0720) | ASTM D6400, EN 13432European standard for the assessment of the compostability of plastic packaging products. More |
Home compostingComposting [bM 06/08] More | EN 13432European standard for the assessment of the compostability of plastic packaging products. More (in lower temperature), Vincotte OK compostA soil conditioning material of decomposing organic matter which provides nutrients and enhances soil structure. [bM 06/08, 02/09] More HOME (S0292) | EN 13432European standard for the assessment of the compostability of plastic packaging products. More (in lower temperature), Vincotte OK compostA soil conditioning material of decomposing organic matter which provides nutrients and enhances soil structure. [bM 06/08, 02/09] More HOME (S0318) | Vincotte OK compostA soil conditioning material of decomposing organic matter which provides nutrients and enhances soil structure. [bM 06/08, 02/09] More HOME (S0720) |
Table 2: The table summarizes biodegradability declarations and certifications of commercial PHAsPolyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) or the polyhydroxy fatty acids, are a family of biodegradable polyesters. As in many mammals, including humans, that hold … More in respective environments. Nodax PHAPolyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) or the polyhydroxy fatty acids, are a family of biodegradable polyesters. As in many mammals, including humans, that hold … More (Danimer Scientific, USA) – poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate produced from rapeseed oil, Kaneka BiodegradableBiodegradation is the breakdown of organic matter by microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi. PolymerA polymer is a substance or material consisting of very large molecules, or macromolecules, composed of many repeating subunits. PHBHPoly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) is a Polyhydroxyalkanoates type polymer. It is biodegradable, nontoxic, biocompatible plastic produced … More, Aonilex (Kaneka Belgium NM) – poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate produced from vegetable oil, Solon PHAPolyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) or the polyhydroxy fatty acids, are a family of biodegradable polyesters. As in many mammals, including humans, that hold … More (RWDC Industries) – PHAPolyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) or the polyhydroxy fatty acids, are a family of biodegradable polyesters. As in many mammals, including humans, that hold … More copolymerPlastic composed of different monomers. More, Mirel (Telles) – P3HBPolyhydroxy butyrate (PHB) is a Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), a polymer belonging to the polyesters class that are o… More and copolyesters from corn saccharides. (They state on their websites Vincotte OK certificationCertification is a process in which materials/products undergo a string of (laboratory) tests in order to verify that the fulfil certain requirements…. More, but it wasn’t successfully verified in Vincotte OK database.) Adapted from ref.3, actualized.
1 Volova, T. G., S. V. Prudnikova, O. N. Vinogradova, et al. Microbial Degradation of Polyhydroxyalkanoates with Different Chemical Compositions and Their Biodegradability. Microb Ecol. 2017, 73(2): 353-367. doi: 10.1007/s00248-016-0852-3.
2 Meereboer, K. W., M. Misra and A. K. Mohanty. Review of recent advances in the biodegradability of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHAPolyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) or the polyhydroxy fatty acids, are a family of biodegradable polyesters. As in many mammals, including humans, that hold … More) bioplasticsBioplastics (as defined by European Bioplastics e.V.) is a term used to define two different kinds of plastics: • Plastics based on renewable resour… More and their composites. Green Chemistry. 2020, 22(17): 5519-5558. doi,
3 Koller, M. and A. Mukherjee. Polyhydroxyalkanoates – Linking Properties, Applications and End-of-life Options. Chem. Biochem. Eng. Q. 2020, 34(3): 115-129. doi: https://doi.org/10.15255/CABEQ.2020.1819.
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